Python Type Casting

Type casting is the process of converting one data type into another.

Python provides built-in functions that allow you to convert data from one type to another.

Type Casting Functions

Python has the following casting functions:

• int() – converts a value to an integer
• float() – converts a value to a float
• str() – converts a value to a string
• bool() – converts a value to a boolean

Casting to Integer

The int() function converts a value to an integer.

Example:

x = int(5.9)
y = int("10")

print(x)
print(y)

Output:

5
10

Casting to Float

The float() function converts a value to a floating-point number.

Example:

x = float(5)
y = float("10")

print(x)
print(y)

Output:

5.0
10.0

Casting to String

The str() function converts a value to a string.

Example:

x = str(100)
y = str(5.5)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:

100
5.5

Casting to Boolean

The bool() function converts a value to True or False.

Example:

print(bool(1))
print(bool(0))

Output:

True
False

Common Examples

Convert string to integer:

age = "25"

print(int(age))

Output:

25

Convert integer to string:

age = 25

print(str(age))

Output:

25

Convert integer to float:

price = 100

print(float(price))

Output:

100.0

Invalid Casting

Not all values can be converted.

Example:

x = int("Hello")

Output:

ValueError: invalid literal for int()

Why Use Type Casting?

Type casting is useful when:

• Taking user input
• Performing calculations
• Converting data from APIs
• Formatting output

Example:

age = input("Enter your age: ")

print(int(age) + 5)

Without int(), Python would treat the input as a string.

Summary

• Type casting converts one data type to another.
• Use int() to convert to integers.
• Use float() to convert to floating-point numbers.
• Use str() to convert to strings.
• Use bool() to convert to boolean values.
• Invalid conversions raise errors.