Python Numbers

There are three numeric types in Python:

• int (Integer)
• float (Floating Point Number)
• complex (Complex Number)

Variables of numeric types are created when you assign a value to them.

Integer (int)

Integers are whole numbers, positive or negative, without decimals.

Example:

x = 10
y = -20
z = 123456

print(type(x))

Output:

<class 'int'>

Float (float)

Floats are numbers that contain a decimal point.

Example:

x = 10.5
y = -20.75
z = 35.0

print(type(x))

Output:

<class 'float'>

Float numbers can also be written using scientific notation:

x = 35e3
y = 12E4
z = -87.7e100

print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Output:

35000.0
120000.0
-8.77e+101

Complex (complex)

Complex numbers are written with a j as the imaginary part.

Example:

x = 3 + 5j
y = 5j
z = -5j

print(type(x))

Output:

<class 'complex'>

Type Conversion

You can convert from one numeric type to another using:

• int()
• float()
• complex()

Example:

x = 5
y = 2.5

a = float(x)
b = int(y)
c = complex(x)

print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

Output:

5.0
2
(5+0j)

Random Numbers

Python does not have a built-in function for generating random numbers, but it has a built-in module called random.

Example:

import random

print(random.randint(1, 10))

Output:

7

The output will be a random number between 1 and 10.

Number Operations

Example:

x = 10
y = 3

print(x + y)
print(x - y)
print(x * y)
print(x / y)

Output:

13
7
30
3.3333333333333335

Check Number Type

Use the type() function to determine the type of a number.

Example:

x = 10
y = 10.5
z = 3 + 5j

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

Output:

<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'complex'>

Summary

• Python has three numeric types: int, float, and complex.
• Integers are whole numbers.
• Floats are numbers with decimal points.
• Complex numbers contain an imaginary part represented by j.
• Use type() to check the number type.
• Use int(), float(), and complex() for type conversion.
• The random module can generate random numbers.